Hydrocarbon-aerator.



W. C. WILLARD.

HYDROCARBON AERATOR,

APPUCAZHON FILED FEB. a, mm.

WALTER C. WILLARD, F CLEVELAND, OH IO.

HYDEOCARBON-AERATOR.

To all whom it may concern: i Be it known that I, 'VVALTER O. WILLARD, a citizen of the United States, and a residentof Cleveland, county of Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvement 'in Hydrocarbon-Aerators, of which the following is a specification, the principle of the invention being herein explained and the best mode in which I have contemplated applying that principle, so as to distinguish it from. other inventions.

I The present invention has regard to the provision of a carbureter that will operate satisfactorily with various fuels such as gasolene, distillate, kerosene, alcohol, benzol, etc. As is well known, there is a growing demand for some device that will enable kerosenejand other heavier constituents of petroleum to be utilized in explosive engines. The present improved carbureter is not limited to use with any particular hydrocarbon, but may be readily adjusted to accommodate itself to liquid fuels having various densities. This adjustment in part is auto- 1natic, adapting the device to the handling fof such fuels even though they vary in density, and particularly adapting the device 'to supply the proper amount and quality of ,mixture for use under various operative conditions, making different demands for flpower. To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the invention consists of the means hereinafter fully described and "particularly pointed out in the claims.

description set forth in detail certain mechanism embodyingthe invention, such disffclosed means constituting, however, but one 40.

,principleof the invention may be used. Q In said annexed drawing: Figure 1 is a ,side elevational view of an aerator or car- .jbureter embodying my present improvements, a portion of the device being shown in vertical cross section; Fig. 2 shows a sec- ;-,tion of the same .portion of the device taken :atright angles to the plane of the section in *Fig. 1 whileFig. 3 is a transverse horizonml section taken on the plane indicated by the lines 33, in Figs. 1 and 2; and Fig. 4; is an enlarged detail sectional view of the nozzle.

In the form of the device shown in Fig. 1, two substantially similar aerators .or carbureters, proper, viz, A and B, are shown Specification of Letters Patent.

of various mechanical forms in which the- Patented Jan. 2,1917.

Application filed. February 3, 1913. Serial No. 747,003.

'- ransnares PATENT curios. v

connected by branching ducts 1 with the same manifold 2 that leads-to the engine cylinder or cylinders. Connected with such ducts intermediately between the two devices is an auxiliary air supply valve 3 of the usual construction, the details thereof being hence omitted as of no interest in the present connection. VV here two or more aerators or carbureters are provided, as in the structure shown in Fig. 1, the one will be utilized for handling the hydrocarbon, the other for handling water or equivalent liquid, which especially in using heavier hydrocarbons is advantageously vaporized and mixed in smaller or larger amounts with the hydrocarbon. More than two of the devices may be thus employed in conjunction, and any desired combination of fuels may be supplied through them to the engine, according to the requirements of the special case under consideration.

The aerator, proper, whether used for handling hydrocarbon or other liquid, consists of an annular liquid chamber 4: to

which the liquid is admitted through a suitable supply pipe 5, the level of the liquid being controlled by a float 6 operating a' valve 7 of the usual construction, (see Fig. 2). Alined centrally in the chamber 4: is a second chamber or passage 8 that at its upper end connects directly with the branch 1 of the intake manifold, while at its lower end said passage opens freely to theatmosphere. Centrally secured within this pas- I sage, in turn, is a liquid nozzle 9 and con- -The annexed drawing and the following fuel .nozzle.

The bore of the fuel nozzle andthe outside of the pressure nozzle are both conical in form, so that the width of the-annular opening which they bound may be varied by adjustment of said pressure nozzle. Said tubular screw accordingly is provided at its lower end with a knurled head 12, in. order to facilitate its adjustment. The fuel is admitted from the chamber to the annu-- latter.

conical valve.

larspace between these two concentric nozzles'9 and 10 through passages 13 in arms l lextending from the inner chamber wall to the nozzle 9 and serving to support the Pressure fluid, either air, steam, or other equivalent fluid, is supplied to the inner nozzle 10 throughapertures 15 in its lower end by way of a suitable supply pipe 16 connected with the lower end of said nozzle by a coupling 17 as shown in Figs.

1 and 2. This nozzle, it will be observed,

may be adjusted so as to vary the position of its upper end with respect to the upper end of the fuel nozzle, although as shown it rises above the level of the fuel in such last named nozzle whichwill be the same as the level of the fuel in the chamber.. A lock nut 18 serves to secure the nozzle 10 in its adjusted position, as also the coupling 16 in proper place on said'nozzle.

Normally ,the upper end of the pressure fluid nozzlelO is closed by a conical or needle valve 19 fitting therein, said valve being integral with or rigidly attached to, an annular valve 20, which seats in the annular space between the fuel nozzle 9 and the inner wall of the chamber. This annular valve, together with the cone valve carried thereby, are both normally seated by the action of a spring 21, interposed between the same and a boss 30 within the wall of the the, set-screw in any desired position. A

v described may be conveniently set forth at" tube 26 connects the duct 1' leading from the carburetor with the annular chamber-4, so

that an equality of pressures may at all times obtain in said duct and chamber despite the-variation in pressure produced by the engine suction.

The operation of the device as thus far this point. The action of the engine on its suction stroke will create a sufficient'vacuum in the duct 1, and thus in the central passage or chamber 8'of the carb'ureter, to ra se the annular valve 20, and along with it the conical valve 19, which normally closes the fluid-pressure nozzle 10. The distance that said combined valve structure will be raised, will obviously depend upon the amount of suction, and finally, upon the adjustment of the set-screw 22. The effect of raising the conical valve 19 is to permit a sudden jet of compressed fluid, asfor example, air, where the latter is used, to

escape at the upper end-of the nozzle the action of such. jet'being substantially that ried along in the incoming stream of air that is drawn in through the central cham ber when said annular valve 20 is raised. This atomized fuel is accordingly injected in the form of a hollow cylinder with a column of air inside and another column of air surrounding the same, both of which assist in carrying it alongto the engine, mixing continually as the charge progresses. While the fuel is supplied to the mixture through the ejecting action of the pressure fluid through nozzle 10, its amount is controlled by the combined action of such ejecting fluid and the suction of the engine, which will have an effect in varying the velocity of the fluid escaping at the nozzle. This control, together with the other adjustments, enables the device to be set so as to furnish to theengine a proper working mixture under all conditions of speed and. load and under various positions of the throttle. The duplicate device B shown at the right in Fig.1 and adapted as previously explained, for supplying a'/ liquid such as water in combination with the regular fuel supplied througlnthe device at the left, differs from the latter onlyin being providedv with a cam lever 27 for raising and lowering the adjusting pin 28, which-takes the place of the set-screw 22. This is in' order that such auxiliary device may be readily shut off entirely when the admixture of the other liquid is not desired.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employed instead of the one explained, change being made as regards the mechanism herein disclosed, provided the means stated by any of the following claims or the equivalent of such stated means be employed. I

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention 1. In a device of the character described, the combination of a chamberopen to atmosphere; a fuel nozzle within said chamber; a second nozzle located centrally within said fuel nozzle; pressure fluid connections for said second nozzle; a valve normally closing theend of said second nozzle; and

a second valve connected with said I first valve and disposed in said chamber to close the opening therethrough in the normal position of said first named valve, said sec- 'ond valve being operable by the engine suction to raise said rst named valve.

j 2. Ina device of the character described,

the combinationo l: a fuel supply chamber;

a central vertical chamber within the sameopen at its lower end to atmosphere and connected at its upper end with the engine; a fuel nozzle Within said second chamber having free connection with said fuel supply chamber; means adapted to regulate the level of the fuel in said supply chamber and thus in said nozzle; a second nozzle located centrally within said fuel nozzle;pressure fluid connections for said second nozzle; a valve normally closing the'end of said second nozzle; and a second valve of annular I form normally closing the space between said fuel nozzle and the walls of said chamber but adapted to be raised by the engine suction, said annular valve being connected with said first valve to simultaneously raise the same. a

3. In a device of the character described,

the combination of a fuel supply chamber;

a' central vertical chamber Within the same open at its lower end to atmosphere and connected at its upper end with the engine; a fuel nozzle within said second chamber having free connection with said fuel supply chamber; means adapted to regulate the level of the fuel in said supply chamber and thus in said nozzle; a second nozzle located centrally within said fuel nozzle; pressure fluid connection for said second nozzle;

means adapted to vertically adjust said sec- 1 0nd nozzle Within said fuel nozzle; a valve I Attested'byadapted to seat in theend of said second nozzle to close the same; a second valve of annular form attached to said first valve -v and adapted to close the space between said fuel nozzle and the Walls of said central chamber so as to be raised by the engine suction; and a spring valves.

4. -In a device of the character described, the combination of 'a 'fuel supply chamber; acentral vertical chamber Within the same open at its lower end to atmosphere and connected at its upper end with the engine;

a fuel nozzle Within said second chamber having free connection with said fuel supply chamber; means adapted to regulate the level of the fuel in said supply chamber and thus in nozzle; a second 'nozz'le located centrally within said fuel nozzle; pressure fluid connections for said second nozzle;

means adapted to vertically adjust said sec- 5th day of February, 1913. a a

WALTER c. w LLAan.

normally seating said the unseating movement "of 

